Was there a risk of bias, for example, in selecting participants for treatment or comparison?.Was the randomization in the trial double-blinded?.This ensures that all the studies reviewed are relevant and reliable. 5: Assess the risk of bias in the included studies The data may have to come from a variety of formats. Researchers take data from studies that meet the predetermined eligibility criteria. 4: Select the studies and collect the data The researchers should also try to identify unpublished studies. In a Cochrane review, specially trained search coordinators do this. Step 3 outlines which sources the researcher will consult and the search terms they will use to search for them. The studies must have a rigorous design, for example, a randomized control trial (RCT). The research question will partly decide this, but further “eligibility criteria” will define in advance which studies the team will include or exclude. 2: Decide which studies to include in the review The aim could be, for example: “To assess the effects of a new drug for a particular health problem in certain types of people.” The question needs to be very specific. Researchers must first decide what research question they need an answer for. They provide a meticulous process through which researchers can synthesize data from a range of studies. The Cochrane Library asks researchers to follow the steps below when producing a review. The 2011 Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions lays out the guidelines that Cochrane require scientists to follow. It follows a scientifically rigorous protocol to produce robust reviews. The Cochrane Library is a collection of systematic reviews that the international medical community respects. There are step-by-step instructions for conducting systematic reviews. Researchers must carry out these reviews in a specific way, because they must ensure the recommendations that follow will result in the best healthcare for patients. These guidelines lay out the treatment choices that health care providers and professionals should follow. Primary research is data that researchers have collected from patients or populations.Įxperts then base recommendations, or guidelines, on these findings. Researchers carry out systematic reviews of all the available medical evidence and specifically of primary research. The BMJ define a systematic review as “an overview of primary studies that used explicit and reproducible methods.” Quantities of literature and overall quality/direction of effect of literature.Share on Pinterest A systematic review brings together findings from primary research. Numerical analysis of measures of effect assuming the absence of heterogeneity.Ĭharacterises quantity and quality of literature, perhaps by study design and other key features. What remains unknown uncertainty around findings, recommendations for future research. What is known recommendations for practice. Typically tabular with some narrative commentary.Īnalysis may be chronological, conceptual, thematic, etc. Graphical and tabular with narrative commentary. Typically narrative with tabular accompaniment. Quality assessment may determine inclusion/exclusion and/or sensitivity analyses. Quality assessment may determine inclusion/exclusion. May, or may not, include quality assessment. May include research in progress.Ĭompleteness of searching determined by time constraints. May use a funnel plot to assess completeness.Ĭompleteness of searching determined by time/scope constraints. May, or may not, include comprehensive searching.Īims for exhaustive, comprehensive searching.Īims for exhaustive, comprehensive searching. Aims to identify the nature and extent of research evidence (usually including ongoing research).Īssessment of what is already known about a policy or practice issue, by using systematic review methods to search and critically appraise existing research. Preliminary assessment of potential size and scope of available research literature. Technique that statistically combines the results of quantitative studies to provide a more precise effect of the results. Seeks to systematically search for, appraise, and synthesise research evidence, often adhering to guidelines on the conduct of a review. It can cover a wide range of subjects at various levels of completeness and comprehensiveness. Generic term: published materials that provide an examination of recent or current literature.
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